The Right Way to Charge Your Lithium Battery Pack
1 What’s the normal way of charging
In 1970, the primary lithium battery was introduced to the world and in 1990, SONY created the first generation of lithium ion batteries (commonly known as lithium ion or rechargeable lithium batteries). They quickly became popular due to their high energy density, high voltage, low discharge voltage, long cycle life, environmental friendliness and simple charging and maintenance of Li-ion battery packs. Furthermore, they have a relatively high voltage of 3.0V to 4.3V and can be used in countless portable products with just one cell.
Over the years, people have been focusing on increasing the capacity of lithium-ion batteries, longer battery life, more charge cycles, or more security more important than battery capacity. Lipo4 prismatic cells.
This paper describes several methods for extending the battery life of lithium-ion batteries.
2 lithium batteries Components
For lithium-ion batteries, cathode material consists mainly of active lithium compounds, while anode material is a molecular structure derived from carbon. LiCoO2 is the most common cathode material, and charging and potential force the positive poles of the battery to release lithium-ion compounds encapsulated in a negative molecular arrangement of carbon lamellars.
Lithium-ion mobile produces an electric current by precipitating from the lamellar structure of carbon during discharge.
A lithium battery can also be classified into two broad categories: nonrechargeable and rechargeable. Don’t charge disposable batteries, they can only convert chemical energy into electricity once, and they can’t be reverted back to chemical energy (or they perform very poorly when reverted back to chemical energy).
The secondary battery, also known as the battery, is a rechargeable battery. In addition to transforming electrical energy into chemical energy, lithium-ion batteries can store, use, and convert chemical energy into electrical energy reversibly, which is their main characteristic.
3 lithium battery charging principle
It is important to keep the lithium-ion battery voltage within its design limits, otherwise, the battery will suffer irreparable damage. Lithium-ion batteries are designed for a voltage between 3.0V and 4.3V. When the battery voltage falls below 3.0 Volts, a lithium battery will deep discharge, which can take hours or even days to recover from. In fact, deep discharge can lead to a short-circuit in the battery, so the battery cannot be repaired.
If the charging voltage is higher than the other side 4.3V may be worse, since it will damage the battery and lead to overheating or other disastrous consequences. Lithium battery charge curve diagram shows how the charging current, battery voltage, and battery capacity change over time, as shown in figure 1.
The best method to charge lithium-ion batteries is to provide a constant current of 1% pressure limiting until the battery is fully charged and then to stop charging. The charging voltage should be less than the maximum voltage, usually 4.1V with a charge current of 2.01C for 2.5 to 3 hours. Lower charging currents will take longer.
Monitor the charging current and charging. As the battery charging voltage rises, and when the charging 3.7V lithium battery cell voltage reaches the battery voltage, the charging current begins to fall. As soon as the charging voltage reaches 50% to 60%, the current starts to drop.
Charge voltage continued until the charging current reached a low enough level, usually between c-10 to c/20, then about charging to 92% to 99% capacity, the cycle was terminated.
4 the correct lithium-ion battery charging method
If you are charging a lithium battery correctly, it is important to ensure that the voltage and the current size are correct. Battery charge voltage is determined by the active material on the cathode, lithium being concerned with 4V. Other compounds will raise or lower the voltage. Battery capacity, cycle life, and maintaining a balance between battery life and security are other factors.
Current lithium batteries usually have a misunderstanding, which is the one-sided pursuit of batteries to work longer hours so that the batteries close to 100%. This approach in the long term without maximizing the use of lithium-ion batteries. In many cases, lithium-ion battery manufacturers use 4.2V as their charge voltage. With 4.2V as a constant charging voltage, the battery is capable of carrying out 500 charge/discharge cycles, with 80% capacity.
In order to extend lithium-ion battery life, charging voltage can be reduced from 100mV to 300mV, which will increase cycle life and service life. Studies show that this can result in a 2-5x increase in the battery’s expectancy. To maximize the effectiveness of this reduction, select an appropriate charge termination current, and opt for a charger with minimum charging current termination (C/10 or C/x). This will help you avoid overcharging the battery through 100%, and further aid in increasing its longevity.
Chargers can significantly extend battery life, typically determined by the voltage and termination current of the charger. To get the most out of a lithium battery, C/10 charging termination is optimal, as it charges the unit up to 92% capacity but maximizes cycle life. Thus, sustaining a continuous voltage after full charge is not advised, as this can accelerate degradation of a 24v lithium ion pack.
A permanent capacity loss may cause internal lithium metal plating. This plating may cause a short circuit path, resulting in overheating and instability.
It is possible to monitor the battery temperature using a thermistor on some lithium-ion battery chargers. This is done to prevent battery damage caused by overheating by prohibiting charging if the battery temperature is outside the recommended range of 0°C to 40°C.
Basically, he wants people to worry about the lithium-ion battery’s capacity, and also about the lithium-ion battery’s life. Although many factors influence the lithium-ion battery life, the right charging mode plays a big role in extending lithium-ion battery life. It’s best to use a lower charge voltage and appropriate charging termination current.